The Proterozoic era (the era of early life) began 2.6 billion years ago. The surface of the Earth was a bare desert. The oxygen content in the atmosphere
The Archean era (the era of ancient life) began 3.5 billion years ago. Living organisms that appeared at the beginning of the Archean era were anaerobic heterotrophs and
The Oparin-Haldane hypothesis of biochemical evolution is at the heart of modern scientific ideas about the origin of life. According to the theory of biochemical evolution, the formation
Evolutionary processes can be carried out in different ways. The ways of evolution include divergence, convergence and parallelism. Divergence is a gradual divergence of signs in related organisms
The doctrine of the directions of the evolutionary process was developed by the Russian scientist A.N.Severtsov. Biological progress is a direction of evolution characterized by an increase in
Biochemical evidence 1. All living organisms are composed of the same classes of organic substances – lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids. 2. Complex biopolymers (proteins and nucleic
The study of the embryonic development of living organisms provides indisputable evidence of evolution. Embryological evidence is: the development of all sexually reproducing organisms from one cell –
Comparative anatomical evidence for evolution includes: a similar plan of the structure of organisms of different systematic groups; live transitional forms; homologous organs; similar bodies; rudiments; atavisms. Living
Paleontological evidence for evolution includes: fossil remains of organisms of extinct species; fossil transitional forms; phylogenetic series of modern species. Transitional fossils are extinct organisms that combine features