Give a sequence of qualitative reactions for the recognition of solutions of the following
Give a sequence of qualitative reactions for the recognition of solutions of the following substances: НСOOH, CH3C (O) CH3, C3H7OH, HOCH2-CH2OH?
Let’s write down the qualitative reactions for organic substances:
НСООН = Н + + НСОО- – electrolytic dissociation of formic acid, hydrogen ions color the litmus indicator red;
CH3C (O) – CH3 + PCl5 = CH3 – C (CL) 2 – CH3 + PCl3 – substitution of the carbonyl group in dimethyl ketone for halogen, as well as dimethyl ketone (acetone) can be detected by smell;
С3Н7 – ОН + CuO = H3C – CH2 – CHO + Cu + H2O – oxidation of propanol with copper oxide to aldehyde, copper is released;
HO – CH2 – CH2 – OH + Cu (OH) 2 = C2H4O2 – Cu + 2H2O – the interaction of ethylene glycol with copper hydroxide leads to the formation of copper and water glycolate, the solution has a bright blue color.
The given reactions are qualitative and make it possible to detect formic acid, acetone, ethylene glycol even in small amounts in solution.