How did Europe’s relations with other civilizations of the world develop in the second period of modern times?

How did Europe’s relations with other civilizations of the world develop in the second period of modern times? Try to give your own assessment of the events that took place at that time.

We are talking about the 19th century, or rather about the period from the revolution in France in 1789 to the outbreak of the First World War.

Other civilizations then were the countries of Africa and Asia, because the entire western hemisphere was divided into colonies or belonged to independent states that were founded by immigrants from Europe.

Relations with them should be summed up as follows: the Europeans simply seized these civilizations and imposed unequal treaties on them. Sometimes such attempts were unsuccessful, for example, the Italian attack on Ethiopia in 1896.

The Europeans managed to colonize India, Indonesia and Indochina, divide almost all of Africa into colonies, and divide Persia and China into spheres of influence. Japan was able to avoid this because of the reforms, Thailand managed to maintain its independence.

The assessment can be given as follows: the usual aggressive policy took place, whoever could not resist, then became a colony.