What are the differences in the composition of the calcium atom and the calcium cation? Write both electronic formulas.

An atom is an electrically neutral particle, so the charge of the nucleus and the number of electrons in it coincide. Calcium has a serial number 20, which means the charge of its nucleus is +20, and 20 electrons are located at 4 energy levels, because it is located in the 4th period. The electronic formula of the Ca atom is -1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 4s2. A cation is a positively charged ion, the charge is formed as a result of the release of electrons by an atom from the last energy level. Calcium has 2 of them, therefore the Ca (+2) cation – 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6.



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