What reasons can you explain the slow population growth in Europe in the 16-17th centuries?

In the 17th century in Europe, several factors influenced the demographic situation:

Frequent wars, which led to the devastation of entire regions and a decrease in their population. For example, the Thirty Years War of 1618-1648 ravaged Germany, and the Troubles of 1605-1618 ravaged Russia. Wars reduced fertility due to the mobilization of the male population.
Unsanitary conditions that led to epidemics. For example, there was a serious plague epidemic in London in 1665-1666.
The outflow of the population to the Western Hemisphere for the colonization of new lands.



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