What shifts and why have occurred in the structure of the world fuel and energy balance during the XX century?

What shifts and why have occurred in the structure of the world fuel and energy balance during the XX century? Why is there a particularly large territorial gap between the regions of oil production and consumption?

During the 20th century, there was a gradual abandonment of coal, which was the basis of the fuel and energy complex in the 19th century. It was replaced by more energy-intensive and cleaner oil, and then natural gas. At the same time, in places of initially high oil consumption, wells were drilled including in the first place. And they were depleted over time, did not give a good economic profit. This prompted the search for oil all over the world, in particular in developing countries. And the development of sea transport has made it possible to increase multimillion-dollar oil supplies.