What types of climate do you know? How do they differ from each other?
1. The equatorial type of climate belongs to the equatorial climatic zone. The standard temperature for January and July is +26. Precipitation falls evenly throughout the year – about 2000 mm. Warm and humid equatorial air masses dominate. The equatorial type of climate is common in Africa, South America and Oceania.
2. The tropical monsoon type of climate belongs to the subequatorial climatic zone. The standard temperature in January is +20, and in July +30. Most of the precipitation falls during the summer monsoon – about 2000 mm. Monsoons dominate. The tropical monsoon type of climate is typical for South and Southeast Asia, West and Central Africa, and Northern Australia.
3. Tropical dry type of climate belongs to the tropical climatic zone. The standard temperature in January is +12, and in July +35. Precipitation falls throughout the year – about 2000 mm. The trade winds dominate. The tropical dry type of climate is typical for the countries of Central Australia and North Africa.
4. The Mediterranean type of climate belongs to the subtropical climatic zone. The standard temperature in January is +7, and in July +22. Precipitation falls directly in winter – about 500 mm. In summer, anticyclones dominate at high atmospheric pressure. The Mediterranean type of climate is typical for the Mediterranean, the southern coast of Crimea, South Africa, Southwestern Australia, and Western California.
5. Subtropical dry type of climate belongs to the subtropical climatic zone. The standard temperature for January is 0, and that of July is +40. Precipitation falls evenly throughout the year – about 120 mm. Dry continental air masses dominate. The subtropical dry type of climate is typical for the inner parts of the continents.
6. The temperate marine type of climate belongs to the temperate climatic zone. The standard temperature in January is +2, and in July +17. Precipitation falls throughout the year – about 1000 mm. Westerly winds prevail. A temperate marine type of climate is characteristic of the Western parts of Eurasia and North America.
7. The temperate continental type of climate belongs to the temperate climatic zone. The standard temperature in January is -15, and in July +20. Precipitation occurs throughout the year – about 400 mm. Westerly winds prevail. A moderate continental type of climate is characteristic of the inner parts of the continents.
8. The moderate monsoon type of climate belongs to the temperate climatic zone. The standard January temperature is -20, July +23. Precipitation falls mainly during the summer monsoon – about 560 mm. Monsoons dominate. A moderate monsoon type of climate is characteristic of the Eastern margin of Eurasia.
9. Subarctic climate type belongs to the subarctic climatic zone. The standard temperature in January is -25, and in July +8. Precipitation falls throughout the year – about 200 mm. Cyclones dominate. The subarctic type of climate is characteristic of the northern margins of Eurasia and North America.
10. The Arctic (Antarctic) type of climate belongs to the Arctic (Antarctic) climatic zone. The standard temperature in January is -40, and in July 0. Precipitation falls throughout the year – about 100 mm. Anticyclones dominate. The Arctic (Antarctic) type of climate is typical for the Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic continent.
