What was the significance of the Arab conquests?

We are talking about the VII-VIII centuries, the meaning is:

The new world religion, Islam, spread from Morocco to Central Asia (approximately to Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, but later penetrated into China), from Europe to Africa.
Culture. For several hundred years, Arab culture became one of the leading in the world, it concerned mathematics (they introduced the term “algebra”), astronomy, medicine, philosophy, writing. The Arabs gave the world the first universities in Baghdad and Fez.
Trade. The Arabs took control over a significant part of the Great Silk Road. Their traders penetrated the Volga region and the southeastern coast of Africa.