When did the manufacture first appear?

The very first manufactories began to form in Europe in the 16th century. At the very beginning, they arose in Italy, and then in the Netherlands. Then they appeared in England and France. In essence, manufactories were manual labor. The reason for the emergence of manufactories was the unification of workshops of one specialization. The manufactories were constantly expanding and improving. In the 18-19th century, industry gradually began to replace them.