Why was the capital of Byzantium called the golden bridge?

Because he connected west and east. In fact, Constantinople combined Western and Eastern culture. In addition, the city itself was located at the junction of Europe and Asia. During the period from the 5th to the 15th century, Constantinople was one of the greatest cities in the world, where culture, trade and other industries were concentrated. The city was taken in 1453 by the Seljuk Turks, who were gaining power at that time.