As a result of pyrolysis of a volatile substance obtained by hydrolysis of aluminum carbide, a gas was released
As a result of pyrolysis of a volatile substance obtained by hydrolysis of aluminum carbide, a gas was released, which decolorizes bromine water and precipitates when interacting with an ammonia solution of silver oxide. When this gas is passed at high pressure and temperature over the activated carbon, a liquid substance with a pungent odor is formed, known as a carcinogen. Further heating of the obtained compound with methyl chloride in the presence of iron (III) chloride leads to the formation of a substance that is used as a non-polar solvent in organic synthesis. Boiling the latter with a potassium permanganate sulfate solution leads to the formation of a solid, which, as a result of recrystallization, is isolated in the form of white iridescent needles. Determine the structure of the last substance, name it by the IUPAC nomenclature
Determination of the number of chemical reactions
1) In this task, we were asked to carry out 7 chemical reactions:
Detailed description of chemical reactions
2) Hydrolysis reaction (decomposition of a complex substance under the influence of water) of aluminum carbide:
Al4C3 + 12H2O => 3CH4 ↑ + 4Al (OH) 3 ↓;
The result is methane and aluminum hydroxide.
2) The pyrolysis reaction (the process of thermal decomposition of a substance that occurs without the access of oxygen) of methane:
2CH4 = (t-1500С) => HC≡CH ↑ + 3H2 ↑;
As a result, ethine (acetylene) and hydrogen are formed.
3) Ethin has the ability to discolor bromine water:
HC≡CH + Br2 => Br2HC≡CHBr2;
As a result, 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane is formed.
4) Etin can interact with ammonia solution of silver oxide (Tollens reagent):
HC≡CH + 2 [Ag (NH3) 2] OH => AgC≡CAg ↓ + 4NH3 ↑ + 2H2O;
As a result, silver acetylenide, ammonia and water are formed.
5) Zelinsky’s reaction (trimerization of ethine):
3HC≡CH = (C act., T-400C) => C6H6;
The result is benzene (hair dryer, phenyl hydrogen, benzene).
6) Friedel-Crafts reaction (alkylation of aromatic compounds):
C6H6 + CH3Cl = (FeCl3, t) => C6H5CH3 + HCl;
The result is methylbenzene (toluene) hydrogen chloride.
7) Boiling toluene with potassium permanganate sulfate solution:
5C6H5CH3 + 6KMnO4 + 9H2SO4 = (tC) => 5C6H5COOH + 6MnSO4 + 3K2SO4 + 14H2O
oxidizing agent – Mn (7+) + 5e -> Mn (2+) | 6 – recovery;
reducing agent – C (3-) – 6e -> C (3+) | 5 – oxidation;
The result is benzoic acid.
