Calculate the mass of sulfur reacted with 16 g of oxygen: S + O2 = SO2.

Algorithm for solving the problem:
1) Finding the molar mass of oxygen.
2) Calculation of the amount of substance oxygen. The amount of a substance is found by dividing the mass by the molar mass.
3) Finding the amount of sulfur substance according to the reaction equation.
4) Calculation of the mass of sulfur by multiplying the molar mass of sulfur by its amount of substance.
Decision:
1) 16 * 2 = 32.
2) 16/32 = 0.5 mol.
3) According to the reaction equation, there is one mole of oxygen for one mole of sulfur. This means that the amount of sulfur is 0.5 mol.
Molar mass of sulfur: 32.
4) Mass of sulfur: 0.5 * 32 = 16g – the answer.