Can taxonomic data be used to prove evolution?

Yes, you can. In taxonomy, the main proof of evolution is that all living things can be arranged in a hierarchical system of taxonomic units – species, genera, families, orders, classes and types. This means that all organisms are phylogenetically related. The belonging of organisms to one or another systematic group indicates that most of the intermediate forms that existed in the past have become extinct. Thus, all the diversity of living nature can be explained by descent from common ancestors on the basis of the struggle for existence. Genetically distinct, species are independently evolving and reproductively isolated units. Since it can be assumed that genetically similar species have a common ancestor in the less distant past compared to genetically different species, the degree of genetic differences is a measure on the basis of which the phylogenetic (pedigree) tree is now being improved.