Causes and results of the crusades.

Reasons for the Crusades:
1. Calling the church to liberate the Holy Land;
2. The desire of the main leaders of the crusaders to establish their principalities in the east;
3. The search for a better life by ordinary warriors, for which they went to the east;
4. Assurances of church representatives that each member will be forgiven of sins;
5. Acquisition of new sales markets in the east for traders.

Results of the Crusades:
1. Founding in the east of independent European principalities;
2. Liquidation of the Byzantine Empire (IV Crusade);
3. Enrichment of trading city-states;
4. Penetration of the culture of the East into the life of Europeans