Characteristics of the late Middle Ages.

The chronological framework of the late Middle Ages is controversial, but, as a rule, they are limited to the framework of 1300-1500, the features of this period are as follows:

The beginning of the Renaissance. Italy became its center, and then the process went north to Germany. The revival was a period of prosperity for literature, architecture, sculpture, painting.
The decline of Byzantium and the Orthodox countries in general (the Balkans were conquered by the Turks by 1500, and Russia until the end of the 15th century was an inconspicuous country for European politics).
The main economic centers of Europe were Venice and Genoa, as well as Seville, Lisbon and Antwerp (late 15th century). In northern Europe, these were the cities of the Hansa.
Strengthening Islam in the Balkans and weakening it in the Iberian Peninsula.
The development of navigation, the Portuguese by the middle of the 15th century were able to swim to the Gulf of Guinea.
The end of the Crusades (the last was in 1444 against the Ottomans and ended in defeat).
The emergence of many universities, even in the periphery (Sicily, Scotland, Stockholm), the development of education, printing.
The development of gunpowder weapons in the XIV-XV centuries (cannons, arquebusses).