China’s foreign policy in the 19th century.

In the 19th century, foreign trading companies poured into China, investing huge sums in the country’s economy. Along with this, China began to increasingly depend on foreigners for its policies. Along with this, internal political forces – merchants and landowners – are gaining strength. Some of them were for the greater introduction of foreign capital and foreign rules, others were less radical and called for adopting only some of the features of foreign states.
The Franco-Chinese war ended with the signing of a peace treaty that was disadvantageous for China, limiting its territorial and legal rights.
The war with Japan also did not bring success to China. After this war, the division of China into spheres of influence between the European powers began.
It should be noted that neither the imperial family, nor any other political force of that time relied in their actions on the common people, did not seek their support.