Consequences of the Crusades.

1. Founding of Christian principalities and kingdoms in the east (later Christians were ousted from the conquered territories);

2. Penetration of medicine, arts and sciences of the East into Europe;

3. Formation of the Latin Empire (instead of the Byzantine);

4. Increase in trade in the Mediterranean (before the period of the final ousting of Christians from the east);

5. Strengthening the trading city-states, especially Venice;

6. Strengthening the gap between the Eastern (Orthodox) and Western (Roman Catholic) churches.