Determine the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in the atoms of elements: sodium, phosphorus, gold.

Na (sodium) has a serial number 11, which means there are 11 protons and 11 electrons in its nucleus, its Ar = 23, which means the number of neutrons:
23 – 11 = 12.
Respectively:
P (phosphorus) – 15 protons and electrons, and 31 – 15 = 16 neutrons;
Au (gold) – protons and electrons 79, neutrons 197 – 79 = 118.



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