Due to what phenomenon, when illuminated with white light from a soap bubble, do we see rainbow spots?

The so-called light decomposition or light dispersion. It turns out when white light passes through a prism (in our case, a soap bubble acts as a prism). Light is refracted and decomposed into rainbow colors.
This is how we were taught to memorize it:
Every Hunter Wants to Know Where the Pheasant Sits – red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue, purple.



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