Factors of animate and inanimate nature that affect birch.

Examples of abiotic or physicochemical factors (inanimate nature) that affect birch:

1) air temperature;

2) the presence or absence of precipitation;

3) wind speed and direction;

4) time (seasons) of the year;

5) soil characteristics.

Examples of biotic factors (wildlife) that affect birch:

1) a spruce growing next to a birch shades it, which can lead to the death of a birch;

2) specific types of mushrooms living in birch wood destroy dead wood and clean birch.