Great geographical discoveries on earth?

In 1488 Bartolomeu Dias discovered the Cape of Good Hope (he gave the name). This was the southern tip of Africa.
After that, the Portuguese got access to the Indian Ocean.
In the years 1497-1499. The squadron under the command of Vasco da Gama made a voyage on ships to India and back, paving for the first time the most important trade route to the East, fulfilling an old dream of European seafarers.
October 12, 1492 After a long voyage, Christopher Columbus arrived on the shores of America, but the navigator himself believed that he had arrived in India and therefore called the local people Indians. This date went down in history as the day of the discovery of America.
In 1513, the Spanish conqueror Vasco Nunez de Balboa, after crossing the Isthmus of Panama, went to the waters of an unknown sea, which later turned out to be the Pacific Ocean. This name was given to him by the first round-the-world navigator Fernand Magellan.