How and when did Switzerland appear?

In the Middle Ages, Switzerland was part of the Holy Roman Empire as several counties. In the XII century, trade and cities developed rapidly there. When the Habsburg dynasty came to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire. On August 1, 1291, the three current cantons – Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden signed a secret treaty (the language was Latin), which went down in history as the Federal Charter. After 600 years, since 1891, August 1 has become Switzerland’s national holiday.

In the XIV century, the Habsburgs often invaded Switzerland, however, their attacks were repulsed, the Swiss themselves managed to fight each other and take part in the wars of their neighbors.

After the Swabian War of 1499, the Swiss Union became de facto independent from the Holy Roman Empire, and two years later Basel and two other cantons became its members.

In 1432 the first university in Basel appeared in Switzerland.

After a 30-year war in 1648, its independence was officially confirmed.

After the Napoleonic Wars, since 1815, Switzerland has consolidated its neutrality under the Treaty of Paris.