How and why did the situation of different segments of the population of Europe change in the sixteenth century?

The 16th century became an era of major changes in Europe, both economic and religious. The main changes were as follows:

The main economic centers moved from the south (Venice, Genoa) to the north (Netherlands, England). In the Netherlands, this led to a bourgeois revolution, and there were more merchants and factory owners.
In a number of countries such a stratum of the population as monasticism has disappeared. The Protestants closed the monasteries.
In the Muscovite kingdom, serfdom intensified and a streltsy army appeared, and the boyars suffered from the oprichnina.
The Turks almost reached Vienna, they had more janissaries.
More educated people have grown due to the development of printing and the increase in the number of universities.
In England, a new stratum of nobility arose – the gentry.