How are amino acid molecules assembled into a polymer protein molecule?

The assembly of protein molecules occurs on special organelles of cells – ribosomes. The complex process of protein synthesis from amino acids can be divided into two stages – transcription and translation. At the stage of transcription, informational RNA (mRNA) “copies” data about a particular protein, about the sequence of amino acids with DNA by recording information with nitrogenous bases: A (adenine), T (thymine), G (guanine) and C (cytosine). To do this, the DNA strand is unwound and the mRNA rewrites part of the genetic year. At the same stage, the transport RNA (tRNA) collects the necessary “resources” for the assembly of the protein – the necessary amino acids. All the collected data and supplies rush to the ribosome. The second stage of synthesis begins – translation, protein assembly. There is a special type of RNA on ribosomes – matrix, or ribosomal. It is this RNA that will assemble the desired molecule. The unit of the genetic code is a codon – three nucleotides (triplet), which corresponds to a certain amino acid. When the ribosome has identified the required triplet, the tRNA “carries” the required amino acid to it, the protein molecule begins to grow. With the help of special codons and anticodons (tRNA triplet), the ribosome “understands” when protein assembly begins and when it ends (stop codon). When the stop codon is recognized, the biopolymer synthesis ends, and the protein is sent to its destination.