How are heterozygotes different from homozygotes? Role of DNA in Protein Synthesis?

1. Homo- and heterozygosity is easier to consider with a specific example.

Let us assume that A is a sign according to which the pumpkin fruits are orange and a is a sign of yellow fruits. Then there are three possible genotypes for these traits: AA, Aa, aa.

AA and aa are homozygotes, i.e. these are genotypes that contain the same genes, the same letters, by which one or another trait is meant.

Aa is a heterozygote. A heterozygote carries two characteristics – dominant and recessive.

2. The DNA chain serves as a template for protein synthesis, carries information about the amino acid sequence. Each triplet of DNA synthesizes one amino acid, combining, the synthesized acids form a polypeptide chain – the primary structure of the protein.