How are new species formed? What is the difference between geographic and ecological speciation?

The process of the emergence of new biological species and their change over time is called speciation. The basis for speciation is the hereditary variability of organisms, which is regulated by natural selection. Distinguish between ecological (sympatric) and geographic (allopatric) speciation. In the ecological case, individuals of one species are divided into groups under the conditions of one area according to ecological characteristics, and in the geographic one, the habitat is divided into several isolated parts, under the influence of natural features of which new species are formed.