How can you explain the similarities in the achievements of science in the Arab Caliphate and Byzantium?

The states developed jointly. The Caliphate bordered on Byzantium. Of course, there have been periods of war and enmity. However, trade ties nevertheless persisted. As well as the exchange of technologies, achievements and military tactics. Moreover, Byzantium was a developed state. Within the country, sciences, crafts, and culture developed. Syria and Palestine were very rich provinces. And they were the first to be captured by the Arab troops. Together with scientists and residents. That contributed to the development of the Caliphate itself. And in Byzantium there were followers and scientific works, which contributed to the continuation of development there.