How did adaptive traits arise if we assume that the ancestral forms did not possess them?

Adaptive traits arise as a result of environmental changes and the need for organisms to adapt to them in order to survive. This phenomenon is called idioadaptation. For example, the mole, in the process of evolution of its species, which was repeatedly accompanied by changes in the outside, occupied the niche of an underground inhabitant. For this reason, he has a set of traits that best help him adapt in his environment, namely, a reduced auricle, poor vision, lack of lens and pupil, and a good sense of smell.