How did Charlemagne manage his state?

Due to successful wars, Charles significantly expanded the boundaries of his state, but such a huge empire had to be successfully ruled. First, he strengthened the army through the orderly gathering of the militia.

Secondly, the empire was divided into marks in which power was exercised by the margraves. Loyal to Karl, people endowed with administrative, judicial and military power. Thus, Charlemagne greatly reduced the influence of the dukes.

And thirdly, twice a year, the emperor convened seimas, at which important state affairs were decided. Thus, some signs of a military democracy remained, in which every free citizen felt his involvement in the management of the state.