How did the farmers lose their freedom and land?

In ancient times, not everyone could afford to own land, some rented part of the land from richer people and had to pay them for it. If suddenly there was a bad harvest and the farmers could not pay the duty, then they were imprisoned. The laws in those days were harsh and for the slightest offense a person could be sentenced to death, especially this applied to people who, because of their duty, fell into slavery, they were waiting for a complete deprivation of rights, and accordingly they could not appeal against a decision about their fate.