How did the relationship between the state and the Orthodox Church evolve in the 15th and 16th centuries?

How did the relationship between the state and the Orthodox Church evolve in the 15th and 16th centuries? What discussions arose at that time around the issue of church property and how was this issue resolved?

At the end of the 15th and beginning of the 16th centuries, there were discussions in the Moscow state about the ownership of monasteries and churches. One party (“Josephites”), led by Joseph Volotsky, argued the need for an economically strong church and monastic land ownership for active social activities (charity, medical treatment, education) and majestic, richly decorated temples. Another party (“non-possessors”), led by Nil Sorsky, opposed the ownership of monasteries and churches of land and other values, called for asceticism and simplicity of monastic life. The Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III at first sympathized with the “non-possessors”, but then supported the “Josephites”, which led to the victory of the latter’s point of view at the Council of 1503. Interestingly, later the leaders of both parties, Joseph Volotsky and Nil Sorsky, were canonized.



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