How do animals determine time and direction without instruments?

Animals use the sun, ultrasounds, visual and chemical functions to determine the direction of movement and time. Bees, butterflies, ants determine the time using their own biological clock, and the direction of movement using the refraction of the sun’s rays (polarization). Some birds use their sense of smell to determine direction along with sight. They can also navigate by the stars. Whales and birds use the earth’s magnetic field.