How do ferns breathe?

Ferns are the oldest higher plants on Earth.
Reproduction takes place with the help of spores, gametes and rhizomes. Leaves are directly involved in the synthesis of glucose and in the formation of spores.
Gas exchange occurs in the same way as in other plants. Oxygen-rich air enters the body through the stomata and lenticels, where it then enters all the cells of the body, and carbon dioxide is removed in the same way into the external environment.
Also, this process can occur through the skin of young roots.