How does a plant prepare itself to withstand adverse conditions during winter?

Preparing a plant for winter is accompanied by various methods. Some plants (and trees, by the way, too) shed their leaves. Others, such as herbaceous plants, survive the winter thanks to the death of the upper part, but with the preservation of the roots, rhizomes and bulbs. There are also plants that overwinter with leaves under the snow, while part of the water from the cell sap leaves them. These are perennial plants.