How does mitosis and meiosis occur?

| December 8, 2020 | education

Mitosis is the division of somatic cells, an increase in tissue volume.
Meiosis is the division of germ cells.
Mitosis consists of one division, in which the daughter cells receive the same number of chromosomes as the mother.
Meiosis consists of two divisions. In them, the number of chromosomes in daughter cells is halved. From diploid cells, haploid cells are obtained.
Mitosis:
Interphase: Preparation of cells for division – synthesis of essential proteins, ATP and organic substances. Doubling of chromosomes.
Prophase: Dissolution of the nuclear membrane. Fission spindle formation.
Metaphase: Spiraling. Location of centromeres in the equatorial part.
Anaphase: Division of centromeres into two independent chromosomes. Divergence to different poles.
Telophase: Division of a cell into two identical cells. Formation of a nuclear membrane.
Meiosis:
Interphase 1: see Interphase of mitosis.
Prophase 1: see mitosis prophase. The conjugation process takes place. Crossing over.
Metaphase 1: see Metaphase of mitosis.
Anaphase 1: No division occurs. Chromosomes, consisting of 2 chromatids, diverge to the poles.
Theophase 1: The cell does not divide in all cases.
Interphase 2: No synthesis.
Prophase 2: as a prophase of mitosis.
metaphase 2: as the metaphase of mitosis.
Anaphase 2: As anaphase of mitosis.
Telophase 2: Division of the cytoplasm. Formation of 4 haploid cells.



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