How does the external structure of a fern differ from the structure of horsetails and lyres?

A long creeping stem, from which vertical branch-like processes rise, is characteristic of lycopods. They are covered with small leaves. Horsetails have long, round and compartmentalized stems to which leaves are attached on all sides. Ferns, on the other hand, differ in that their branches and leaves are on the same plane, which makes their branches wider. The fern branches are held together at the base. Also, in ferns, spores appear under the leaves or on separate stems, and in lymphatics and horsetails – on top of the main stem.



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