How does the nephron function?

The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidneys. It cleans the blood from harmful substances. The nephron consists of a capsule and a tubule. Through the bringing artery, blood containing metabolic products enters the nephron tubule, where the capillary glomerulus is located. Due to the fact that the outflowing artery, also exiting the renal capsule, is much thinner than the inflowing artery, great pressure is formed in the capillary glomerulus. Under its influence, the liquid part of the blood, together with useful and harmful substances, enters the renal tubule, and the largest particles, such as blood proteins and various cells, remain in the blood vessel. In this case, the so-called primary urine is formed, which includes water, urea, salt, glucose, vitamins and amino acids. Further, in the renal tubule, most of the water, glucose, vitamins, amino acids are reabsorbed into the bloodstream. In the tubule, secondary urine, consisting of urea and water, remains and must be removed from the body.