How long should a nichrome wire with a cross section of 0.5 mm2 be taken to make an electric heater
How long should a nichrome wire with a cross section of 0.5 mm2 be taken to make an electric heater from it, with which you can completely melt 1 kg of ice at 0 degrees in 10 minutes? Mains voltage 220 V, heater efficiency 60%.
S = 0.5 mm2.
ρ = 1.1 Ohm * mm2 / m.
t1 = 0 ° C.
m = 1 kg.
U = 220 V.
T = 10 min = 600 s.
λ = 3.4 * 10 ^ 5 J / kg.
Efficiency = 60%.
L -?
According to the definition of efficiency = Ql * 100% / Qn, where Ql is the amount of heat required to melt ice, Qn is the amount of heat released in the heater.
Qн = U2 * T / R, where U is voltage, T is heater operation time, R is heater resistance.
R = ρ * L / S.
Qн = U2 * T * S / ρ * L.
Since the ice is at the melting temperature, Ql = λ * m, where λ is the specific heat of melting of ice, m is the mass of ice that has melted.
Efficiency = λ * m * 100% * ρ * L / U2 * T * S.
L = efficiency * U ^ 2 * T * S / λ * m * 100% * ρ.
L = 60% * (220 V) ^ 2 * 600 s * 0.5 mm2 / 3.4 * 10 ^ 5 J / kg * 1 kg * 100% * 1.1 Ohm * mm2 / m = 23.3 m …
Answer: the wire has a length L = 23.3 m.