How many layers are there in a mixed forest? Which plants form different tiers?

How many layers are there in a mixed forest? Which plants form different tiers? Compare the layering of plants in a forest and a meadow. Explain what caused the layered distribution of plants in the meadow.

In a mixed forest there are only 5 tiers: the first is tall trees (spruce, oak, etc.); the second – undersized trees (mountain ash); the third is shrubs; fourth – grasses, shrubs; fifth – herbs, mosses. There are no trees in the meadow, that is, there are no first and second tiers, sometimes even the third. There are only grasses and mosses in the meadow. But you can’t start the tiers from the fourth, that’s why there is such a tier in the meadow: the first is light-loving, the second is less whimsical to light, the third is mosses.