How was knowledge passed from generation to generation by peoples who did not have a written language?

Despite the fact that the best way to transmit information in the past was writing, before its appearance in some peoples and tribes, information was often transmitted orally, from the older generation to the younger, and so on.
As a result, some facts were lost, speculation and inaccuracies arose, but the very essence of the information remained unchanged.
In addition, very often information was conveyed through pictures.
It was these reasons that served for the further emergence of writing.