How was the election of consuls in Rome? What were the duties of the consuls?

1. How was the election of consuls in Rome? 2. What were the duties of the consuls? What did they do? 3. How was the Senate replenished? What state affairs were the senators in charge of? 4. Why, when discussing matters in the Senate, the consul rarely opposed the opinion of the majority? 5. What measures of punishment and encouragement were used in the Roman army?

1. The election of the Roman consuls (there were two of them) for a period of 1 year took place at popular assemblies (comitia).

2. Embodying the highest civil and military power, the consuls were engaged in the recruitment of legions and their leadership, the convocation of the senate and comitia, the presidency of them, the appointment of dictators.

3. The Senate, as the highest state authority, consisting of the oldest experienced representatives of the Roman nobility and replenished exclusively by its representatives, had the right of actual state leadership in all spheres of life.

4. The Consul almost never opposed the opinion of the majority of senators because of their class authoritarianism and influence.

5. The penalties for the soldiers of the Roman army should include monetary fines, cutting salaries, flogging, demotion, and the death penalty. For incentive measures – rewarding with wreaths, decorative spears, flags, necklaces, phalers, bracelets.