How was the government structured in the Roman Republic?

There was a magistracy – a set of elective positions. The basic principles of its functioning: collectivity, electivity, changeability, gratuitousness. The most significant positions are consul, tribune, praetor, quaestor and censor. There was also a senate. During the campaign, the consul could be appointed dictator, but after the campaign he was obliged to resign from his dictatorial powers.