In the second half of the 19th century. In England and the United States, a two-party system was formed

In the second half of the 19th century. In England and the United States, a two-party system was formed: the Tories and Whigs in Great Britain, Republicans and Democrats in America. Define the essence of this system. What is the basis of the activities and the listed parties?

The bipartisan system is the accepted name in literature for a political system in countries where two parties periodically replace each other in power. Under DS, the existence of other parties is not excluded, which, however, for various reasons, usually do not play a large political role. In its purest form, DS was formed in England and the USA.
In England, D. with. formed in the 18th century, when the Tories and Whigs fought for power. To replace these parties and on their basis in the middle. 19th century formed the Conservative and Liberal parties. The first is still the leading party of big business. The place of the second largest political party was taken by the Labor Party.
The US party political system was institutionalized as a bipartisan one at the end of the 18th century. Both national parties – the Federalists and the Jeffersonian Republicans – were bourgeois, and their rivalry reflected the conflict between the country’s two main socio-economic forces – commercial, industrial and agrarian capital. They didn’t meet with anything serious.