In what cases can the divergence of the characteristics of the species (animals) be observed?

Divergence is called the branching in the evolutionary process of signs and characteristics in initially related groups of animals as a result of their adaptation to different living conditions. This phenomenon is observed when individuals find themselves in conditions that differ from those usual for these organisms (change in ambient temperature, a different humidity regime, change in nutrition). The limbs of humans, bats, whales, bears are the result of divergence that has arisen due to long-term directional natural selection.