In what century did the Middle Ages end and why?

The Middle Ages do not have a clear division. Depending on the state, their scope fluctuates due to the fact that the historical process is not the same throughout the world. Most quickly, the Middle Ages ended in Europe. There, with the advent of mechanized machines and methods of production, capitalist relations began to develop. In other states, the transition to the industrial era was difficult due to internal and external reasons. In Russia, the Middle Ages ended around the 18th and 19th centuries. Finally, feudal society faded after the abolition of serfdom.