In what ways and by what means was large land ownership formed in Western Europe in the early Middle Ages?

In the early Middle Ages, large land holdings were formed in Europe. This process proceeded due to the fact that the monarch distributed the land between the privileged strata. The territories were received by wealthy people and civil servants. The tsar’s associates became prosperous. Also, land plots were issued to soldiers for service. The army was the main pillar of the state, so the soldiers needed to be encouraged for their work. They received part of the conquered resources during military campaigns to other states or tribes.