Indicate the reasons for the aggravation of conflicts between the church and secular authorities

Indicate the reasons for the aggravation of conflicts between the church and secular authorities, Explain why the church prevailed in opposition to the secular authorities.

In the 11th century, the popes sought to subjugate the entire church to their authority. Ultimately, they achieved this goal. Having become the largest landowner in Europe, the church also began to claim supreme power. For this, the concept of two swords (secular and spiritual) was developed, while both were owned by the pope. These ideas were expressed as a claim against the secular authorities, to which they could not answer. So in this struggle, the church was able to defeat, since it was centralized when the secular authorities continued to split up.