Interaction of 1-butene and 2-butene with hydrogen halides (using Markovnikov’s rule)

| February 4, 2021 | education

Alkenes enter into hydrohalogenation reactions with hydrogen halides HBr, HCl. As a result of the reaction, a monohaloalkane is formed. If the alkene molecule has an asymmetric structure (carbon atoms have different substituents near the double bond), then the addition reactions are carried out in accordance with the Markovnikov rule. Hydrogen in the reactions is attached to such a carbon atom at a double bond, which has more hydrogen atoms (the most hydrogenated).

The H cation has a positive charge, so it attaches to a carbon atom that is partially negatively charged (the terminal carbon atom in a double bond).

1) butene – 2 adds hydrogen bromide.

CH3-CH = CH-CH3 + HBr -> CH3-CH (Br) -CH2-CH3

2) butene-1 adds hydrogen

CH2 = CH-CH2-CH3 + HBr -> CH3-CH (Br) -CH2-CH3



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