List the scientific achievements and discoveries of the Arabs.
1. Abu-l-Wafa (X century) deduced the theorem of sines in relation to spherical trigonometry, calculated the table of sines with a step of 15 °.
2. The poet Omar Khayyam wrote a work – “Algebra”, in which he studied and analyzed equations of the third degree.
3. The poet Omar Khayyam wrote a treatise “On the universality of being.”
4. The poet Omar Khayyam (1079) introduced a calendar more accurate than the Gregorian one.
5. Brothers Banu Musa (IX-X centuries) created a treatise “The Book of Mechanics”.
6. Claudius Ptolemy “The Great Astronomical Construction” – the main teaching in cosmology for Arab scientists.
7. Ibn Khordadbek (IX century) wrote the work “The Book of Ways and States”.
8. Physicist-mathematician Ibn al-Haytham described the anatomical structure of the eye.
9. Physicist-mathematician Ibn al-Haytham solved geometrically the equation of the 4th degree.
10. Ibn Sina – Avicenna wrote an encyclopedia of clinical and theoretical medicine, The Canon of Medicine, which was used in the West until the 17th century as a textbook.
11. Baghdad surgeon Abu Bakr Muhammad al-Razi described smallpox and measles, used smallpox vaccination.
12. Chess in its modern form appeared in Persia, from where it then spread to Europe.
13. It was the Arabs who were the first to mix vegetable oils and sodium hydroxide with various aromatic compounds – the prototype of shampoo.
14. Chemist Yabir ibn Hayyan (9th century) discovered the processes of distillation, crystallization, melting, evaporation and filtration.
15. Chemist Yabir ibn Hayyan (9th century) discovered nitric and sulfuric acid, constructed a distillation apparatus, thanks to this, the world recognized spirits and alcoholic beverages.
16. Engineer Al-Jazari invented the crankshaft.
17. Engineer Al-Jazari invented the first mechanical watch.
18. Engineer Al-Jazari invented the combination lock.
19. Muslim doctors have invented a hollow needle for cataract extraction.
20. The Arabs (634) invented the windmill. They used it to supply water and to grind corn.
