Microevolution

Microevolution is the evolutionary changes of individual populations and a species as a whole, up to the formation of a new species.
Microevolution is evolutionary transformations that occur within populations in relatively short periods of time (for example, a change in the frequency of genes, homo- and heterozygotes over several generations).

Microevolution begins in populations, individuals of which differ in genotypes. Constant natural selection leads to elementary evolutionary phenomena.

An elementary evolutionary phenomenon is a directed and irreversible change in the ratio of genes in the gene pool of a population, which changes its evolutionary capabilities.
Over time, the gene pools of populations can change so that crossing between them becomes impossible. If populations are isolated, this leads to the formation of new species, which is the final stage of microevolution.

Distinguish between phyletic microevolution and speciation.
Phyletic microevolution is a gradual, directional change in one species. It leads to an increase in the adaptability of organisms to their environment.

Speciation is the process of the formation of several new species from one original one.

This means that microevolution is a process of evolutionary transformation of populations, leading to the improvement of adaptations and the formation of intraspecific forms and new species.